1) No WMDs
이라크 전쟁 발발 원인인 ‘대량살상무기’는 없었다
Mr Bush built his entire case for war on the claim that Saddam Hussein possessed weapons of mass destruction. However, he chose to ignore conflicting evidence and forever undermined not only his presidency, but the reputation of US intelligence agencies and his country in much of the world.
2) "Brownie, you're doing a heck of a job"
재앙 대책 본부장이 거대 태풍 ‘카트리나’예측에 실패했음에도 불구하고
그를 감싸준 부시의 멘트
Mr Bush could not control the weather, but he had control in naming the director of FEMA, the agency in charge of disaster mitigation. His appointee, Mike Brown, was woefully underprepared and failed to facilitate proper aid to the stranded victims of Hurricane Katrina. Despite his tragic miscues, Mr Bush famously told his pall "Brownie, you're doing a heck of a job."
3) No Post-War Plan for Iraq
이라크 전쟁은 다시 없다 ‘허언’
The outgoing president achieved his goal of ousting Saddam Hussein but had little planned for a destabilised post-Saddam Iraq. After six years, thousands of military casualties, an untold amount of Iraqi civilian deaths, and hundreds of billions of dollars spent, the war is still not over.
4) Permitting Torture
물 고문 등 각종 고문 허용
By stating that the Geneva Convention did not apply to "enemy combatants," Mr Bush paved the way for waterboarding, attack dogs, and other draconian interrogation tactics that will forever be associated with his presidency.
5) Ignoring Pre-9/11 Terror Memo
9.11 테러 경고메시지 무시
Just weeks before 9/11, while spending a holiday at his ranch in Crawford, Texas, Mr Bush received a memo from the CIA entitled, "Bin Laden Determined To Strike in US". While the President cannot respond to every single threat presented to the country, the timing and nature of this particular warning will forever blight his legacy.
6) "Mission Accomplished"
없는 무기 찾으려 전쟁 일으키고도 “임무 완료”라 평가
Mr Bush's bombastic declaration of victory in Iraq while aboard an aircraft carrier in May 2003 was premature to say the least: the vast majority of war casualties have occurred since the unfurling of the "mission accomplished" banner. He has admitted this was one of his biggest mistakes.
7) Entering Iraq without a UN mandate.
UN 승인 없이 이라크 진공
After months of deliberation, the UN Security Council could not come to an agreement over the proposed invasion of Iraq. Mr Bush impatiently led a "coalition of the willing" into the country and his decision is still considered by the UN to be illegal.
8) Insisting there was a link between Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda
사담 후세인과 알카에다의 ‘억지’ 연관성 주장
Mr Bush aimed to strengthen his case for war by linking the perpetrators of 9/11 to Saddam Hussein. As of today there is little to no evidence supporting his claim.
9) Failing to capture Osama bin Laden
오사마 빈라덴 체포 실패
After 9/11, Mr Bush's primary goal was to capture al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden. More than seven years have passed and the only evidence of Bin Laden is a series of grainy video tapes taunting Mr Bush and the United States.
10) Abandoning the Kyoto Protocol
자국 산업체 보호하려 환경조약은 ‘교토의정서’ 반대
In 2001, Mr Bush refused to sign the Kyoto Protocol, a treaty that requires participating countries to lower their greenhouse gas emissions. He cited its effect on the economy, but the auto industry is already on the brink and global climate change is a real problem. Even merely as a sign of intent, his signature would have been helpful.
11) Refusing to let Katrina ruin his holiday
태풍 ‘카트리나’로 미국 곳곳에서 피해 속출했을 때, 부시는 연일 ‘휴가중’
Hurricane Katrina hit towards the end of a long summer holiday for Mr Bush. His immediate response was not to view the damage personally, but at five miles high through the window of Air Force One on his way back to Washington.
12) Underestimating the cost of the war
이라크 전쟁 소요비용 ‘과소평가’
Like a contractor's ever-inflating estimates of a home renovation, Mr Bush's original $50-$60 billion price tag on the Iraq war sounds like a steal now. The current cost is closer to $600 billion.
13) Lack of body armour for US troops
예산 부족으로 파병 병사들에게 갑옷 지급 미루다
Due to the budget constraints of an expensive war, many US troops lacked proper armour for the challenges in Iraq. There have been reports of families turning to eBay to purchase protective gear for their sons and daughters stationed in the Middle East.
14) Failure to include Louisiana's coastal parishes in state of emergency plan
태풍 ‘카트리나’ 최대 피해지역만 제외한 ‘앙꼬없는’ 태풍경보발령
On August 27, 2005, two days before Hurricane Katrina hit, President Bush declared a state of emergency for parts of Louisiana, Alabama, and Mississippi. Not included on that list were the coastal areas of Louisiana that included New Orleans, the city hit hardest by Katrina.
15) Tax cuts for the wealthy
부호만을 위한 세금 감면정책
Believing wealthy Americans would take their fortunes to tax shelters, Mr Bush granted large tax cuts to keep their cash in the US. Critics contend it disproved the trickle down theory, as the economy headed into recession.
16) Losing focus on Afghanistan
’줏대없는’ 아프가니스탄 정책
The early campaign in Afghanistan was relatively successful. Rather than continuing the effort there however, Mr Bush quickly switched focus to Iraq. Many, including President-Elect Barack Obama, believe that a greater presence in Afghanistan would be more effective in the war on terror.
17) Limiting stem cell research
배아줄기세포 연구 제한
One of President Bush's earliest decisions was to restrict the research of embryonic stem cells. These types of studies have shown tremendous results in lab rats (such as reversing the course of Parkinson's in the rodents). Humans will have to wait for his policy to be annulled before seeing any benefits.
18) Appointment and backing of Alberto Gonzales
능력있는 인재보다 ‘인맥’ 내세운 앨버토 곤잘러스 법무부 장관 인사
Mr Bush appointed an old Texan friend Alberto Gonzales as his Attorney General after the resignation of John Ashcroft. Widely criticised as a sycophantic foil to "Dubya", Mr Gonzales oversaw questionable US attorney dismissals and the NSA's warrantless wiretapping before eventually resigning. Along with Mike Brown, Alberto Gonzales is an example of Mr Bush's perceived penchant for surrounding himself with "yes men" rather than qualified individuals.
19) Awarding lucrative Iraq reconstruction contracts to Halliburton
이라크 전쟁 발발 후 최대 다국적 석유 기업 핼리버튼사(社)에 이라크 사업 계약관련 수주
Halliburton, Vice President Dick Cheney's old employer, received a large reconstruction contract in Iraq shortly after the onset of the war. Rumours of it not having to bid are unfounded, but claims of a conflict of interest remain. In addition, their exportation of the country's oil has been a largely unsuccessful endeavour.
20) Warrantless Wiretapping
9.11테러 이후 ‘무선 도청’방식 승인
Shortly after 9/11, President Bush authorised the warrantless wiretapping of certain telephone calls for the sake of national security. Eavesdropping would often top most Presidents' list of reprehensible acts but Mr Bush, supported by Congress, contended that it helped keep America safe.
By Nick Greene in Washington
1주일 후면 임기를 마치고 집으로 돌아가는 부시.
기사를 보고나서 잘한 점을 생각해보려했는데, 안타깝게도 딱히 생각나는 것이 없군요
